| DNP 700 | Clinical Applied Epidemiology | This course provides an overview of the basic epidemiological methods and study designs that may be used by advanced practice nurses to study the health of populations. This course will combine a focus on traditional and social epidemiology to exami... |
| DNP 701 | Theoretical Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice | This course examines relevant theories and models from nursing and related disciplines for applicability to advanced nursing practice. Role theory, learning theory, psychological theory, management theory, leadership theory, consultation models and c... |
| DNP 702-1 | Transforming Advanced Nursing Practice | This course is designed to be the introductory course for the DNP student and will introduce the DNP from a historical perspective then address the three domains of advanced nursing practice, leadership and scholarship. This course will focus on infl... |
| DNP 703 | Population Health | This course builds upon prior learning experiences related to community and population health and provides the student with an understanding of current concepts of population health, with a specific focus on multiple determinants of health of populat... |
| DNP 704 | Leadership in Health Systems | This course focuses on nursing leadership, integrating theory and research as a basis for improvement of health systems and health outcomes. Emphasis is placed on strategic thinking, influence, negotiation and power strategies for effective leadershi... |
| DNP 705 | Practice Inquiry I | This course covers information systems and technology needed for establishing evidence-based practice models in clinical, educational, and administrative settings. The emphasis for this course is on the role of information technology and the use of... |
| DNP 706 | Evaluation Approaches, Models & Methods | In this course, the student will examine evaluation approaches, models and methods and propose an appropriate evaluation plan for an identified clinical problem. Outcomes measurement, process improvement, program evaluation, impact analysis, and prov... |
| DNP 707 | Health Care Finance | This course provides students with an overview of the principal financial mechanisms in the U.S. health care industry and offers specific insights into the critical issues the industry currently faces. A feature of the course is the development of pr... |
| DNP 708 | Practice Inquiry II | This course builds upon the data management skills developed in Practice Inquiry I. This course focuses on developing a beginning level of understanding the use of outcomes measurement frameworks and the use of outcome data in practice, educational,... |
| DNP 712 | Scholarly Project | The course focuses on inquiry identification, inquiry planning, implementation and evaluation of the inquiry in collaboration with faculty. The student integrates and applies appropriate theoretical and evidence-based literature and inquiry methods t... |
| DNP 717 | Health Informatics for the Advanced-Level Nurse | This course focuses on nursing and healthcare informatics and their technological applications in healthcare. This course will demonstrate effective approaches to health care delivery using health information technology. The framework for this course... |
| DNP 720 | Biostatistics I | This course is designed to introduce the application of statistical methods to health sciences. Content includes descriptive statistics, some basic probability concepts, distribution, central limit theorem, hypothesis testing, and power and sample si... |
| DNP 721 | Biostatistics II | This course is designed to concentrate on more advanced methods of statistical analysis including regression diagnostics and canonical correlation, logistic regression, factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling. The analysis te... |
| DNP 740 | Project Management | In this course students learn the principles and fundamentals of project management necessary to achieve objectives in healthcare organizations. Special emphasis will be placed on the application of leadership skills, overcoming objections, achieving... |
| DNP 759 | Residency in the DNP Role | The purpose of the residency is to provide structured clinical (field) experiences functioning as a DNP. The student will have an opportunity to apply the theories, principles and techniques learned in the didactic portion of the DNP program in a se... |
| DNP 769 | Role Development & Enactment for Advance Role Pratice | In this role course, enactment of advanced role practice in nursing is studied. Seminars will focus on the continued development of knowledge for role development and implementation, advanced communication, and interventions with groups and communiti... |
| ID 500 | Nurse Educator Intensive | This course is designed to strengthen the educator's role through examination of issues and skills related to health provider education in Professional Schools and other health care settings. Students will use educational and learning theories to: 1.... |
| ID 600 | Nurse Educator Intensive | This course is designed to strengthen the educator's role through examination of issues and skills related to health provider education in Professional Schools and other health care settings. Students will use educational and learning theories to: 1... |
| ID 630 | Health Care Quality Improvement | This course equips health professions students (medicine, nursing, health administration) with the ability and confidence to contribute to continual improvement in health care. Through seminar and field experiences, students will learn the philosophy... |
| ID 718 | Health Policy and the Healthcare System | Provides students the opportunity to analyze health policies and economic issues as they relate to healthcare delivery systems. The complex arrangements and interactions among governmental, private-not- for-profit, and for profit systems are explored... |
| ID 730 | Health Care Quality Improvement | This course equips health professions students (medicine, nursing, health administration) with the ability and confidence to contribute to continual improvement in health care. Through seminar and field experiences students will learn the philosophy,... |
| N 521-1 | Concepts of Professional Nursing Practice | This bridge course between basic nursing education and advanced practice nursing education examines the professional roles of provider of care, designer/manager/coordinator of care and member of the profession. Within these roles, specific role compo... |
| N 524 | Portal to Advanced Physiology/Pathophysiology | This course provides an introduction to advanced physiology and pathophysiology. It facilitates seamless transition for the RN-MSN student into the master's level Advanced Physiology/Pathophysiology. Course content includes an introduction to cell bi... |
| N 526 | Portal to Advanced Health Assessment | This course provides an introduction to advanced health assessment. This intensive 15 clock hour didactic course facilitates seamless transition for the associate degree nurse into the master's level course Advanced Health Assessment. Course content... |
| N 527 | Health Promotion in Populations | The course focuses on understanding the forces shaping community and global health patterns and the impact of these global processes on societies. Students will review strategies to assess, plan, implement and evaluate population-focused programs for... |
| N 531-1 | Health Information Technology & Patient Safety | This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the use of health information technology, patient safety, and health care quality improvement. Emphasis is placed on technology-based health applications that enhance the efficacy of the nursing pr... |
| N 533 | Portal to Research Design and Methods | This course provides an introduction to research facilitating seamless transition for the RN to MSN students into the master's level research course. Course content focuses on beginning skills and approaches to reading and evaluating research studies... |
| N 538 | Health Care Leadership and Collaboration | This course describes the functions and roles of management and leadership in professional nursing. Decision making, communication, motivation changes, theories, managed care, and legal/ethical issues are presented and discussed to enhance the develo... |
| N 540 | Portal to Fiscal & Operations Management | In this course students are introduced to fiscal and operations management. Students will learn about operations management as a business function, the transformation process, key trends impacting health care organizations, key strategies for managin... |
| N 545 | Portal to Organizational Leadership & Communication | This course is designed to increase the student's knowledge and application of organizational principles and communication models. This intense portal will introduce the student to application of systems thinking framework in analyzing organizational... |
| N 600 | Application and Interpretation of Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Diagnostic Modalities | This course provides the theoretical basis for the application and interpretation of diagnostic modalities used in management of the acute care patient. Emphasis is placed on selected laboratory and radiology studies and interpretation of electrocard... |
| N 601-1 | Practicum in Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner I | This supervised 45-hour clinical practice course offered in a variety of settings allows the student the opportunity to integrate and practice advanced health assessment, diagnostic reasoning, decision making for the collaborative management of patie... |
| N 601-2 | Practicum in Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner II | This supervised 135-hour clinical practice in specialized settings allows the student the opportunity to integrate and practice advanced health assessment, diagnostic reasoning and decision making for the collaborative management of adult gerontology... |
| N 601-3 | Practicum in Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner III | This supervised 225-hour clinical practice in critical care settings allows students the opportunity to integrate and practice advanced health assessment, diagnostic reasoning and decision making, for the collaborative management of patients with com... |
| N 601-4 | Practicum in Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner IV | This supervised 225 hours clinical practice in acute/ critical care allows the students the opportunity to refine and evaluate nursing management of patients with complex health problems. The focus of the clinical is to perfect their clinical skills... |
| N 605-1 | Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Assessment, Management and Evaluation I | This course provides the theoretical basis for advanced assessment, diagnosis, reasoning and decision making for the collaborative management and evaluation for advanced nursing practice. Focus will be on the collaborative management of clients with... |
| N 605-2 | Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Assessment, Management and Evaluation II | This course provides the theoretical basis for assessment, diagnosis reasoning and decision making, in the collaborative management for advanced nursing practice. Focus will be on the collaborative management and evaluation of clients with complex ac... |
| N 607-1 | Health Policy & Population Health | This is a role support course to explore and analyze interrelations of societal values and issues, political process, politics, and development of health policy and its impact on population health. This online course is delivered utilizing synchronou... |
| N 609 | Directed Individual Study | This didactic elective course enables the student to use individually designed learning experiences focused on selected topics in nursing to satisfy individual learning needs and interests. A mutually agreed upon contract that details objectives and... |
| N 610 | Reproductive Health for Advanced Practice | This didactic course provides the theoretical basis for assessing and managing reproductive health care patterns in men and women for advanced role practice in nursing as a nurse practitioner. Emphasis is placed on health promotion, screening, and pr... |
| N 610-2 | Reproductive Health for Adult Nurse Practitioners | This didactic course provides the theoretical basis for assessing and managing reproductive health care patterns in men and women for advanced role practice in nursing as an adult gerontology nurse practitioner. Emphasis is placed on health promotion... |
| N 610-3 | Childbearing Health Care for the Advanced Nurse Practitioner | This didactic course provides the theoretical basis for assessing and managing reproductive health care patterns in men and women for advanced role practice in nursing as a nurse practitioner. Emphasis is placed on health promotion, screening, preven... |
| N 612 | Therapeutic Management of the Pediatric Client | This course provides a foundation and clinical application of the care of clients from birth through adolescence. Topics will include well child management in addition to management of selected illnesses common to this age group. Family theory and it... |
| N 612-1 | Therapeutic Management of the Pediatric Client | This role course provides the theoretical basis for advanced assessment, diagnostic reasoning, and collaborative management of pediatric health problems in the pediatric primary care setting as a pediatric nurse clinician. The focus of this course is... |
| N 612-2 | Therapeutic Management of the Pediatric Client II | This role support course provides the theoretical basis for advanced assessment, diagnostic reasoning, and collaborative management of pediatric health problems in the pediatric chronic care setting as a pediatric nurse clinician. Emphasis is placed... |
| N 612-3 | Therapeutic Management of the Pediatric Client III | This role support course provides the theoretical basis for advanced assessment, diagnostic reasoning, and collaborative management of pediatric health problems in the pediatric acute care setting as a pediatric nurse clinician. Emphasis is placed on... |
| N 612-4 | Therapeutic Management of the Pediatric Client IV | This role support course provides the theoretical basis for advanced assessment, diagnostic reasoning, and collaborative management of pediatric health problems in the pediatric critical care setting as a pediatric nurse clinician. Emphasis is placed... |
| N 613 | Foundations of Nurse Educator Role and Teaching Methods | This role support course encourages the educator student to use critical thinking, creativity, and research outcomes to develop expertise in the design and delivery of instructional strategies. Learning theories, as well as other selected principles... |
| N 613-1 | Simulation for Nurse Educators | Simulation-based experiences in health care education and clinical settings can enhance programmatic outcomes and/or institutional mission. This course is to enable the graduate learner to acquire basic simulation methodology and theory to develop sk... |
| N 614-1 | Nurse Educator Practicum I (2hr) | This course is the first of three practicum courses that gives the graduate learner an opportunity to develop and practice advanced skills in teaching and communication in academic, hospital or community environments with an emphasis in the academic... |
| N 615-1 | Education Technology & Health Care Informatics | This course provides an overview of current technologies used for instructional design, delivery, and evaluation in nursing education and technologies used to deliver, enhance, integrate, and coordinate patient care. Opportunities for using and evalu... |
| N 616-1 | Curriculum & Program Development & Evaluation | This role support course facilitates the application of nursing and educational theories, concepts, and models in the design and evaluation of nursing curricula and programs. Societal influences and acquisition of new knowledge in nursing and related... |
| N 617 | Informatics & Health Care Technology | This course provides an overview of the use of technologies to deliver, enhance, integrate, and coordinate care; data management to analyze and improve outcomes of care; health information management for evidence-based care and health education; and... |
| N 618 | Focus on Advanced Nursing Practice Specialization (Neonatal) | This didactic course provides an in-depth examination of human genetics, embryologic development and normal physiologic functioning of developing body systems. The structural and functional development of fetal systems during critical growth periods... |
| N 620-1 | Direct Care Role of the Nurse Educator (Practicum II) | This course is the second of three courses that gives the graduate learner an opportunity to implement and evaluate, and plan the delivery of educational content to individuals, groups and communities. The emphasis is on teaching practice in hospital... |
| N 625 | Educator Practicum III | This capstone practicum provides the graduate learner opportunities to implement the nurse educator role components of teacher, scholar and collaborator with a preceptor in a selected educational setting. Opportunities are provided to utilize theoret... |
| N 627-4 | Clinical Management of Adults & Older Adults I | This course is focused on the principles of adult health, advanced clinical assessments of adults and older adults of diverse cultures, issues in the care of adults and older adults with emphasis on wellness, prevention, health maintenance, and early... |
| N 627-5 | Clinical Management of Adults & Older Adults II | This course is focused on the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, common geriatric syndromes, and complex health problems of adults and older adults of diverse cultures, including frail and demented older adults in rural settings.... |
| N 627-6 | Clinical Management of Adults & Older Adults III | This course is focused on synthesis of theory into evidence-based gerontological advanced nursing practice with adults and older adults and their families of diverse culture, integration of NP roles, and professional practice in selected rural health... |
| N 628-4 | Practicum in Clinical Management of Adults & Older Adults I | This 180-hour practicum course is focused on advanced clinical assessments of adults and older adults from diverse cultures, with emphasis on wellness, prevention, maintenance, and early interventions in rural health care settings. |
| N 628-5 | Practicum in Clinical Management of Adults & Older Adults II | This 180-hour practicum course is focused on the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, common geriatric syndromes, and complex health problems of adults and older adults of diverse cultures, with emphasis on advanced health care int... |
| N 628-6 | Practicum in Clinical Management of Adults & Older Adults III | This 270-hour practicum course is focused on synthesis of theory into evidence-based advanced nursing practice with adults and older adults and their families of diverse cultures, integration of AGNP roles, and practice management in selected rural h... |
| N 629-1 | Advanced Neonatal Nursing I | This didactic course addresses the complete neonatal assessment process including prenatal thorough neonatal history and neonatal physical examination. Neonatal pharmacology, common neonatal diagnostic and laboratory testing and invasive procedures... |
| N 629-2 | Advanced Neonatal Nursing II | This didactic course will provide a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology and management of common disease processes in the neonatal (preterm and term infants). This course will focus on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal/nutrit... |
| N 629-3 | Advanced Neonatal Nursing III | This didactic course will provide a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology and management of common disease processes in the neonate (preterm and term infants). This course will focus on the endocrine and metabolic, immune, neurobehavioral, mu... |
| N 632 | Discipline of Nursing | This core course involves the study of knowledge shared among members of the discipline, the patterns of knowing and knowledge development, criteria for evaluating knowledge claims, and philosophy of science. The course is aimed at enabling graduate... |
| N 633 | Research Design & Methods for Advanced Nursing Practice | This core course is focused on understanding and using research designs and methods to support clinical practice. It provides the knowledge base for research problem identification, the ethical conduct of research, synthesis of research literature, c... |
| N 634-1 | Practicum I: Neonatal Nurse Practitioner | This clinical role support course provides the theoretical basis for advanced assessment, diagnostic reasoning, and collaborative management of pediatric health problems in the neonatal health care setting as a neonatal nurse practitioner. |
| N 634-2 | Practicum II: Neonatal Nurse Practitioner | This second clinical role support course will continue to provide the theoretical basis for advanced assessment, diagnostic reasoning, and collaborative management of specific health problems in the neonatal health care setting as a neonatal nurse pr... |
| N 634-3 | Practicum III: Neonatal Nurse Practitioner | This third clinical role support course will continue to provide the theoretical basis for advanced assessment, diagnostic reasoning, and collaborative management of specific health problems in the neonatal health care setting as a neonatal nurse pra... |
| N 634-4 | Residency Program | This final course provides concentrated clinical experiences as students synthesize theory, knowledge, and skills from previous courses within the neonatal nurse practitioner scope of practice. Through a learning contract developed with faculty, the... |
| N 637 | Advanced Physiology/Pathophysiology | This course provides the graduate student with an understanding of human physiological and pathophysiological processes. A human body systems approach will be used in the presentation of physiologic concepts and adaptations and alterations which occ... |
| N 638-1 | Synthesis 1st Year Nurse Practitioner Management | This elective course will offer students the opportunity to synthesize information from prerequisite courses using a case study approach. |
| N 638-2 | Clinical Elective for Advanced Practice | This precepted clinical course provides the student an opportunity to practice in the role of advanced nurse practitioner and begin to establish the skills necessary to assume responsibility for management and health care of clients. Through a learn... |
| N 640 | Project Management | In this course students learn the principles and fundamentals of project management necessary to achieve objectives in healthcare organizations. Special emphasis will be placed on the application of leadership skills, overcoming objections, achieving... |
| N 641 | Fiscal and Operations Management | Students learn how effective operations management is essential to achieving a favorable patient care experience and the financial health of an organization. Using quantitative and qualitative measures, students will study how to reduce cost and imp... |
| N 644 | Human Resource Management | This role support course is designed to increase students' knowledge and application of concepts, theories, and models of human resource management. Emphasis is on the analysis of structural and behavioral systems, human resources process systems, an... |
| N 646 | Organizational Leadership & Communication | This course is designed to increase students' knowledge and application of concepts, theories and models in communication for organizational leadership, problem solving, and decision making. The course emphasizes communication as a tool for organizat... |
| N 648 | Managerial Accounting | This role support course is designed to increase the students' knowledge and application of concepts, theories, and models of managerial accounting. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of accounting concepts in financial management and managerial deci... |
| N 652-1 | Finance & Leadership in Heath Care Systems | The course focuses broadly on leadership principles and their application at the micro and macro levels. This introduction to leadership is followed by the essential accounting and financial management principles and concepts relevant to management o... |
| N 658 | Strategic Management | This role support course is designed to provide the student with the opportunity to describe, analyze, and apply the strategic management process. Emphasis is placed on understanding and using tools and techniques such as SWOT analysis, matrix analys... |
| N 659 | Residency in the Nursing & Health Care Administrator Role | The residency provides a structured field experience in an administrator role. The student will have an opportunity to apply theories, principles and techniques learned in the didactic portion of the program in a selected health system under the guid... |
| N 660 | Focus on Advanced Nursing Practice Specialization (Pediatrics) | This didactic course provides a foundation for the role of pediatric nurse practitioners to survey the normal growth and development and expected developmental milestones of the pediatric client from conception through adolescence. This course will b... |
| N 661-1 | Practicum for Pediatrics I | This course provides a foundation and clinical application of the care of clients from birth through adolescence in the primary care setting. Emphasis is placed on health promotion, screening, and prevention of illness and management of selected clie... |
| N 661-2 | Practicum for Pediatrics II | This course provides opportunities for the graduate student to develop expertise in the role of the pediatric nurse practitioner in the chronic care setting. Through a learning contract developed with faculty, the student uses advanced knowledge and... |
| N 661-3 | Practicum for Pediatrics III | This course provides opportunities for the graduate student to develop expertise in the role of the pediatric nurse practitioner in the acute care setting. Through a learning contract developed with faculty, the student uses advanced knowledge and s... |
| N 661-4 | Practicum for Pediatrics IV | This course provides opportunities for the graduate student to develop expertise in the role of the pediatric nurse practitioner in the critical care setting. Through a learning contract developed with faculty, the student uses advanced knowledge an... |
| N 661-5 | Residency Program | This final clinical course provides concentrated clinical experiences in the primary, acute, chronic, and critical care settings to prepare for entry level functioning in the dual role of the acute/primary care nurse practitioner. This course will as... |
| N 666 | Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics | This course provides a foundation and clinical application of pharmacotherapeutic interventions commonly prescribed for healthy and ill individuals across the life span. Emphasis is placed on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles along with... |
| N 669 | Role Development and Role Enactment for Advanced Role Practice Nursing | In this role course, enactment of advanced role practice in nursing is studied. Course will focus on the continued development of knowledge for role development and implementation. This online course is delivered utilizing synchronous and asynchronou... |
| N 677 | Advanced Health Assessment | This course focuses on the theoretical basis of performing a physical assessment on the individual throughout the life span. Students will acquire advanced knowledge and skills necessary to perform physical assessments. The emphasis is on mastering i... |
| N 682-1 | Therapeutic Management in Primary Care I | This role support course provides theoretical basis for assessing and managing client health patterns for advanced role practice in nursing as a nurse clinician. Emphasis is placed on health promotion, screening, prevention of illness, and management... |
| N 682-2 | Therapeutic Management in Primary Care II | This role support course provides foundational knowledge for managing care of persons with altered health patterns relevant to advanced role practice as a nurse clinician. Altered health patterns are examined in relation to differential diagnosis, th... |
| N 682-3 | Therapeutic Management in Primary Care III | This course focuses on the health issues and needs of older adults and principles for evaluating, managing and coordinating their care in a variety of settings. Emphasis is on the collaborative role of advanced practice nurses in assisting older adul... |
| N 685-1 | Practicum in Primary Care I | This course provides opportunities for the graduate student to develop expertise in the role of the family nurse practitioner. Through a learning contract developed with faculty, the student uses advanced knowledge and skills for assessment, diagnosi... |
| N 685-2 | Practicum in Primary Care II | This course provides opportunities for the graduate student to develop expertise in the role of family nurse practitioner. Through a learning contract developed with faculty, the student uses advanced knowledge and skills for assessment, diagnosis, a... |
| N 685-3 | Practicum in Primary Care III | This course provides opportunities for the graduate student to develop expertise in the role of the family nurse practitioner. Through a learning contract developed with faculty, the student uses advanced knowledge and skills for assessment, diagnosi... |
| N 685-4 | Practicum in Primary Care IV | This course provides opportunities for the graduate student to develop expertise in the role of the family nurse practitioner. Through a learning contract developed with faculty, the student uses advanced knowledge and skills for assessment, diagnosi... |
| N 686-1 | Practicum in Clinical Assessment of Persons with Mental Health Problems I – Family | This 180-hour practicum course is focused on the application of theoretical concepts and assessment skills with persons of diverse cultures in rural health care settings experiencing or at risk for common mental health problems and major psychiatric... |
| N 686-2 | Practicum in Clinical Management of Individuals with Mental Health Problems II – Family | This 180-hour practicum course is focused on integration of theory and practice in assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and documentation of individuals of diverse cultures in rural settings experiencing mental health problems, major psychiatric diso... |
| N 686-3 | Practicum in Clinical Management of Families and Groups with Mental Health Problems III | This 270-hour practicum is focused on evidence-based psychoeducation, supportive therapy, and psychotherapy with groups, couples, and families of diverse cultures and on synthesis of clinical roles, practice management activities, and strategies for... |
| N 687-1 | Clinical Assessment of Persons with Mental Health Problems – Family | This didactic course is focused on a theoretical basis for advanced psychiatric mental health nursing practice with persons of diverse cultures in rural settings experiencing or at risk for common mental health problems and major psychiatric disorder... |
| N 687-2 | Clinical Management of Individuals with Mental Health Problems II – Family | This didactic course is focused on the advanced nursing practices of assessment, diagnosis, treatment, planning, evaluation, and documentation of individuals of diverse cultures in rural settings experiencing common mental health problems, major psyc... |
| N 687-3 | Clinical Management of Families and Groups with Mental Health Problems, III – Family | This didactic course is focused on evidence-based conceptual models, theories, and techniques for therapies with groups, couples, and families of diverse cultures across the lifespan. The clinical roles, practice management activities, and strategies... |
| N 696 | Directed Study in Management Research | This role support course provides an opportunity for students to apply the research process to administrative problems under the direction of a graduate faculty mentor. Focus areas of research projects include organizational behavior, costs analysis,... |
| N 698 | Directed Study in Research | This elective allows students to participate in research activities as specified in a mutually determined learning contract. A nursing faculty member with a graduate appointment will direct all research activities. With faculty guidance, students ma... |
| N 699-1 | Scholarly Writing in Nursing | This scholarly writing course provides students an opportunity to enhance writing skills necessary to express concepts and ideas in a logical and professional manner. Students will develop technical proficiency by applying American Psychological Asso... |